The ability of the eye to change its focus from distant to near objects (and vice versa). This process is achieved by the lens changing its shape.

An eye examination procedure to assess for the presence and measure the extent of strabismus (eye misalignment) by covering each eye alternately to observe the uncovered eye's movement.

The ability to maintain equilibrium and control body position during movement, crucial for athletic performance.

Pigments found in plants and other photosynthetic organisms, some of which (like lutein and zeaxanthin) are known to benefit eye health.

The speed at which an individual responds to a stimulus when multiple stimuli and responses are possible.

The mental effort required to process information and perform tasks, which can be influenced by visual stimuli in athletics.

A quick and basic evaluation of a patient's field of vision where the examiner compares the patient's visual field to their own.

The ability of the eye to distinguish objects from their background or a change in brightness.

The ability to judge the distance of objects and spatial relationships in three dimensions.

A test that measures automatic eye movements, which are crucial for reading skills.

The pathway in the brain that processes spatial relationships and movements of objects, often referred to as the "where" pathway.

A set of higher-order cognitive processes including problem-solving, planning, and self-regulation, crucial for decision-making in athletics.

The muscles that control eye movement and are crucial for maintaining binocular vision.

The coordinated control of eye movement with hand movement and the processing of visual input to guide reaching and grasping.

Coordination of small muscles, particularly in the hands and fingers, with the eyes to perform precise actions.

A brain region involved in high-level visual processing and recognition, such as facial recognition and reading.

Coordination of large muscles for movement, typically associated with whole-body movement.

The measurement of the eyes' ability to turn inward while focusing on a near object as it moves vertically downward.

The ability to suppress prepotent responses, crucial for disciplined action in sports.

A relay center in the thalamus for the visual pathway, critical for processing visual information before it reaches the visual cortex.

The ability to perceive the movement of objects and individuals in the visual field.

The cognitive and perceptual skill of simultaneously tracking several moving objects in a dynamic scene.

The ability to change focus from near to far objects quickly and accurately.

The ability of the eyes to turn outward to regain single binocular vision.

The use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function, or pharmacology of the nervous system, useful in assessing and training visual and motor skills.

The region of the brain responsible for processing visual information.

The ability to understand one's position and direction in space, crucial for movement and strategy in sports.

A region of the brain involved in processing sensory information, spatial orientation, and coordinating motor movements.

The range of visual information an individual can recognize without moving their eyes, crucial for scanning and reacting in sports.

The ability of the eyes to turn inward to regain single binocular vision.

The measurement of the eyes' ability to turn inward while focusing on a near object as it moves from distance to near.

The initial cortical region for processing visual information, crucial for visual perception in athletics.

The speed at which an individual responds to a stimulus.

The speed at which an individual can process visual information, crucial for reaction time and decision-making in sports.

A network of neurons in the brain that promotes arousal and attentiveness, influencing an athlete’s level of consciousness and alertness.

The spatial organization of visual information as it's processed in the brain, crucial for accurate visual perception.

The system that controls quick, simultaneous movements of both eyes between two or more phases of fixation, crucial for scanning the environment in sports.

The system that allows the eyes to smoothly pursue moving objects in the visual field.

The ability to understand one’s position and the positions of objects and individuals in space.

The phenomenon where the reaction time linearly increases with the amount of information that needs to be processed.

A demonstration of cognitive interference where a delay in the reaction time of a task occurs when the processing of conflicting information is involved.

The measurement of the eyes' ability to turn inward while focusing on a near object as it moves vertically upward.

An eye examination procedure to assess for strabismus or heterophoria by covering one eye and observing the other eye's movement.

The pathway in the brain that processes object characteristics like shape and color, often referred to as the "what" pathway.

The movement of both eyes to maintain binocular vision, crucial for depth perception in athletics.

The ability to selectively process visual information while ignoring other perceivable information.

The coordination of visual perception with motor action, crucial for eye-hand coordination and other visually guided movements in sports.

The ability to coordinate visual information with motor output.